Robert O Young is currently working as a Professor at Capital University in Washington, DC. He has completed his MS in Nutrition from the American College in Birmingham, Alabama and DSc with emphasis in Chemistry and Biology and also s PhD from Clayton

College of Natural Health.

CF and PAC patients suffer from frequent lung infections that may lead to obstructed breathing caused by an

acidic lifestyle and diet. So, the mainstays of a treatment plan are:

1. Open up the channels of elimination of dietary and metabolic acids.

2. Hyper-perfuse the blood, interstitial fluids and the intracellular fluids with alkalinity to buffer the

retained dietary and/or metabolic acids in the organs, glands and tissues.

3. Heal the root system or bowels of the body or the intestinal villi of the small intestines to improve the quality and quantity of stem cell and red blood cell production

4. Alkalizing physical therapy to remove acids out of the interstitial fluids and intracellular fluids of the tissues, especially the lungs.

5. Alkalizing exercise to remove dietary and/or metabolic acids in the blood plasma, interstitial compartments of the Interstitium, and finally the connective tissues out through the pores of the skin.

6. Alkalizing natural organic and colloidal natural medications for reducing the acids that cause mucus that is congesting and blocking the lung's airways.

S. Sivasankari has completed MBBS from Rajah Muthiah Medical College and Post graduation MD (Microbiology) from Madras University, Tamil Nadu, India. She is Associate Professor in Microbiology at Meenakshi Medical College & RI, Kanchipuram, Tamil Nadu, India. She has published more than 30 research papers in reputed journals. Her areas of interest include Hospital Infection Control, Anti Microbial resistance surveillance . Under gone training in NABL & NABH accreditation courses & Currently working as NABH Co-ordinator.

E.coli is one of the main cause of nosocomial infection in humans. E.coli being one of the common organism causing hospital acquired infections exhibits ESBL production Causing resistant to Beta lactam group of drugs resulting in limited treatment options. Hence, this study was done to know the resistance pattern in E.coli and their virulence factors. Materials and Methods: Samples (urine, pus, sputum) were collected & processed as per standard protocols E.coli were isolated. Antibiogram done as per CLSI guidelines. ESBL & MBL screening done, Biofilm formation of E.coli was studied in correlation to antibiotic resistance. Result: 235 E.coli were isolated from various clinical samples. Out of 235, 148 (62.97%) showed resistance to ceftazidime & cefatoxime, 53 (22.55%) were ESBL producers, 19 (8.8%) showed resistance to imipenem, 32 (1.27%) were MBL producer. E.coli were resistant to nalidixic acid, 119 (50.6%) followed by Cotrimoxazole 98(41.7%), Ciprofloxacin resistance was 135 (57.6%) and MIC ranged from 8- 64 μg/ml. Among 235 E.coli isolates 169 (46.38%) were MDR of which 29 (12.34%) were strong biofilm producers. Conclusion: This study highlights that all isolated ESBL producers were resistant to 3rd Gen. cephalosporins. This increase in resistance to number of commonly used antibiotics shows the emerging drug resistance. In view of this, ESBL testing and MBL screening should be made as a routine testing which will help in the shuffling of antibiotics and for proper treatment and to prevent further development of bacterial drug resistance

S Senthamarai has completed her MD in Microbiology from Stanley Medical College. She is currently working as Professor in Meenakshi Medical College Hospital and Research Institute, India. Her areas of interest are Mycology, HIV, Antibiotic Resistance, Infection Control and Medical Education. She has received the Medical Excellence Award by Indian Solitarity Council at New Delhi and also has won many best paper awards to her credit. She has published more than 30 articles in reputed journals

Coagulase Negative Staphylococci (CoNS) are now emerging as important pathogen and its resistance to antibiotics are worrisome. Methicillin resistance among CoNS causes an important therapeutic threat associated with increased morbidity and mortality. This study was aimed to isolate the coagulase negative Staphylococci from various clinical specimens, evaluate its antibioticsusceptibility pattern and to detect the prevalence of mecA gene among coagulase negative Staphylococci.All the clinical samples were collected with aseptic precautions and processed as per standard protocol. All the coagulase negative Staphylococcal isolates were subjected for antibiotic susceptibility testing as per CLSI guidelines. Screening of methicillin resistance was done using cefoxitin disc (30 μg) as per CLSI recommended disc diffusion method. Genotypic analysis for methicillin resistance (mecA gene) was done.

Duchenne muscular dystrophy (DMD) is an X chromosome-linked disease characterized by progressive physical disability, immobility and premature death in affected boys. Underlying the devastating symptoms of DMD is the loss of dystrophin, a structural protein that connects the extracellular matrix to the cell cytoskeleton and provides protection against contraction-induced damage in muscle cells, leading to chronic peripheral inflammation. However, dystrophin is expressed in neurons within specific brain regions, including the hippocampus, a structure associated with learning and memory formation. Linked to this, a subset of boys with DMD exhibit progressing cognitive dysfunction, with deficits in verbal, short-term, and working memory. Furthermore, in the genetically comparable dystrophin-deficient mouse model of DMD, some, but not all, types of learning and memory are deficient, and specific deficits in synaptogenesis and channel clustering at synapses has been noted. Little consideration has been given to the cognitive deficits associated with DMD compared with the research conducted into the peripheral effects of dystrophin deficiency. Therefore, this review focuses on what is known about the role of full-length dystrophin (Dp427) in the hippocampal neurons. In this experiment, I hypothesized that 100 ug/ml of G. Lucidum would extend the lifespan and too much concentration of this herbal medicine would lose its efficacy in treating this disease.

C Anitha has completed her PhD from Dr ALM PGIBMS, University of Madras, India. She is currently working as Assistant Professor of Microbiology in Meenakshi Medical College Hospital and Research Institute. Her areas of interest are Biofilm studies using Confocal Laser Scanning Microscope, Antimicrobial resistance and rare Infectious diseases. She has published more than 30 papers in reputed journals and also has 15 Data sequences submitted in PUBMED/NCBI Genebank. She is also serving as an Editor, Associate Editor, Editorial Board Member and Review Board Member of reputed journals.

Introduction & Objective: Recent studies had showed that Mesenchymal Stem Cells (MSCs) have beneficial effects on bacterial infections. Treatment with MSCs has proven bacterial clearance. This study was undertaken to study the in vitro activity of antimicrobial and antibiofilm activity of stems cells against gram negative multidrug resistant organism from urinary tract infections.Method: The samples will be processed according to standard protocol following standard guidelines. All the isolates obtained will be identified by standard guidelines. Total of 50 isolates were collected. The antibiotic susceptibility testing will be done for all the isolates by Kirby Bauer disc diffusion method following CLSI guidelines. All the isolates are screened for production of biofilm by tissue culture plate method. The antimicrobial activity of mesenchymal stem cells was done by micro broth dilution method.

C Anitha has completed her PhD from Dr ALM PGIBMS, University of Madras, India. She is currently working as Assistant Professor of Microbiology in Meenakshi Medical College Hospital and Research Institute. Her areas of interest are Biofilm studies using Confocal Laser Scanning Microscope, Antimicrobial resistance and rare Infectious diseases. She has published more than 30 papers in reputed journals and also has 15 Data sequences submitted in PUBMED/NCBI Genebank. She is also serving as an Editor, Associate Editor, Editorial Board

Member and Review Board Member of reputed journals.

Introduction & Objective: Recent studies had showed that Mesenchymal Stem Cells (MSCs) have beneficial effects on bacterial infections. Treatment with MSCs has proven bacterial clearance. This study was undertaken to study the in vitro activity of antimicrobial and antibiofilm activity of stems cells against gram negative multidrug resistant organism from urinary tract infections.Method: The samples will be processed according to standard protocol following standard guidelines. All the isolates obtained will be identified by standard guidelines. Total of 50 isolates were collected. The

antibiotic susceptibility testing will be done for all the isolates by Kirby Bauer disc diffusion method following CLSI guidelines. All the isolates are screened for production of biofilm by tissue culture plate method. The antimicrobial activity of mesenchymal stem cells was done by micro broth dilution method.