3^rd Annual Congress on Bacterial, Viral and Infectious Diseases June 18-19, 2020 Dubai, UAE

\r\n All the viruses are harmful to human. Ebola Virus disease, HIV virus, Avian influenza, Measles and SARS, hepatitis virus are very harmful which cause severe diseases in human. The relative ability of viruses to cause disease is terms as virulence. The viruses are naturally adapted to be resistance to the antibodies present in the human body. For most of the viral infections, treatments can be given only according to the symptoms while you wait for your immune system to fight off the virus. There are some specific antiviral medicines to treat some viral infections.

\r\n Plant bacteriology is the scientific study of plant diseases caused by pathogens which includes in the identification of bacteria, disease etiology, disease cycles, economic impact, epidemiology of plant diseases, plant disease resistance, the way in which plant diseases affect humans and animals. Most of the plant pathogenic bacteria are rod-shaped (bacilli). They will colonize the plants by using their specific pathogenicity factors. There are five major bacterial pathogenicity factors: uses of cell wall–degrading enzymes, toxins, effector proteins, phytohormones and exopolysaccharides. Agrobacterium species varies the level of auxins which causes tumours with phytohormones. Exopolysaccharides are produced by bacteria and which blocks xylem vessels that frequently leads to the death of the plant.

\r\n It is field of plant pathology that involves in the study of viruses that infect plants an causes harmful diseases. Viruses induce a vast range of both macroscopic and microscopic symptoms in plants that they affect, which causes significant loss of crop yield. Viruses are transmitted through pollen to the seed (e.g. Barley stripe mosaic virus, genus Hordeivirus) while many that cause systemic infections accumulate in vegetatively-propagated crops. Tobacco mosaic infection (TMV) is a single stranded RNA virus that affects most of the plants, specifically the tobacco and different individuals of the family Solanaceae.

\r\n Viruses are most harmful pathogens which cause infectious diseases such as the common cold, flu and warts. Most harmful viral infections are like HIV/AIDS, smallpox, and Ebola. Viruses invade living, normal cells and use those cells to multiply and replicate inside the host cells. This can kill, damage, or change the cells and make you sick. Different viruses attack certain cells in our body like liver, respiratory system, or blood. Antibiotics do not work for viral infections. Some viruses alter the cell's functions. In these cases the infected cell loses control over normal cell division and becomes cancerous.

\r\n A bacterial infection is a proliferation of a harmful strain of bacteria on or inside the body. Infectious bacteria are harmful to human body. They reproduce quickly in our body. Most of the bacteria give off chemicals called toxins, which can damage tissue and affect our health. Examples of bacteria that cause infections include Streptococcus, Staphylococcus, and E. coli. Every time we take in antibiotics, it increase the chances that bacteria in our body will learn to resist them causing antibiotic resistance. Pneumonia, meningitis, and food poisoning are just a few diseases that are caused by harmful bacteria.

\r\n Antibiotics are the major therapeutics for the infectious diseases. Antibiotics are usually reserved for bacterial infections, because these types of drugs have no effect on illnesses caused by viruses. The overuse of antibiotics has resulted in several types of bacteria developing resistance to one or more varieties of antibiotics. This makes these bacteria much more difficult to treat. Some diseases, including malaria, are caused by tiny parasites. While there are drugs to treat these diseases, some varieties of parasites have developed resistance to the drugs. The branch of medicine which deals with the study of “how often diseases occur in different groups of people and why” is termed as Pharmaepidemiology.

\r\n Infectious diseases can be caused by Bacteria - These one-cell organisms are responsible for illnesses such as strep throat, urinary tract infections and tuberculosis. Viruses - Even smaller than bacteria, viruses cause a multitude of diseases ranging from the common cold to AIDS. Parasites - Malaria is caused by a tiny parasite that is transmitted by a mosquito bite. Other parasites may be transmitted to humans from animal feces. The major ways for diagnosis of infectious diseases are blood test, urine test, throat swabs, stool sample, and spinal tap (lumbar puncture). Can be also diagnosed using imaging scans which includes X-rays, computerized tomography and magnetic resonance imaging.

\r\n Infectious diseases are disorders caused by harmful pathogens such as bacteria, viruses, fungi or parasites. Signs and symptoms vary depending on the organism causing the infection, but often include fever and fatigue. Many infectious diseases, such as measles and chickenpox, can be prevented by vaccines. Public Awareness and Public Health laws are incorporated to prevent and control the transmission of infectious diseases. Aseptic methods, sanitation, disinfection, vaccination, Sterilization, healthy hygiene practices, and early diagnosis do help in preventing and controlling infectious diseases. Most infectious diseases have only minor complications. But some infections — such as pneumonia, AIDS and meningitis can become life-threatening. A few types of infections have been linked to a long-term increased risk of cancer

\r\n Clinical immunology is the study of diseases and disorders that may occur as a result of result of weak immune system including failure, aberrant action, and malignant growth of the cellular elements of the system. Clinical immunology is a medical subspecialty largely focused on a specific physiological process, inflammation, which is essential to good health, particularly in defense against pathogenic organisms, recovery from injury, and containment of neoplasms. Human immunity has two major types: the innate and adaptive immune systems. It also involves diseases of other systems, where immune reactions play a part in the pathology and clinical features. Many components of the immune system are typically cellular in nature and not associated with any specific organ, but rather are embedded or circulating in various tissues located throughout the body.

\r\n Bacteriology:

\r\n Bacteriology is the branch and strength of the biology that reviews the morphology, environment, hereditary qualities and organic chemistry of bacteria and also many other features related to them. The bacteriology study helps in the research of agricultural bacteriology; clinical diagnostic bacteriology; industrial bacteriology; marine bacteriology; public-health bacteriology; and systematic bacteriology. Genetic manipulations of pathogenic bacteria pursue to be indispensable in defining virulence mechanisms. Bacteriology helps in determining the host-parasite relationships involving specific pathogens requires familiarity with the fundamental features of the bacterium, the host, and their interactions. Bacteriology is used in the discovery of the antibiotics and also used in the advancements of vaccines. The importance of bacteria was recognized as it led to a study of disease prevention and treatment of diseases by vaccines.

\r\n A bacterial infection is a replication of a harmful strain of bacteria within the body. Bacterial infections are major cause for foodborne illness. Nausea, vomiting, diarrhea, fever, chills, and abdominal pain are most common symptoms of food poisoning. Clostridium botulinum (C. botulinum) is a potentially life-threatening bacterium that produces harmful neurotoxins. Escherichia coli (E. coli) O₁₅₇:H₇ is a diarrheal (often bloody) illness that occurs along with the nausea, vomiting, fever, and abdominal cramps. Bacterial meningitis is a severe infection of the meninges, the lining of the brain.

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\r\n Pediatric diseases involve with the child possessing a recurring or persistent disease caused by an infectious agent such as bacteria, a fungus, a parasite, or other rare infection. The most general viral fever in childhood stage is the seasonal flu or influenza. But children might catch milder viral. Generally the childhood viral infections are not serious and include varieties of illnesses as colds with a sore throat, vomiting and diarrhea, and fever with a rash. But there are some viral illnesses that cause more severe disease, such as measles. The Varicella zoster virus (VZV) causes a harmful disease named chickenpox which most generally affects children. Polio is the highly infectious diseases that primarily affect children under the age of five.

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\r\n A general phrase which includes drugs, chemicals, or any other substances that either kill or slow the growth of pathogens. There are many varities antimicrobial agents like antibacterial drugs, antiviral agents, antifungal agents, and antiparasitic drugs. The discovery of penicillin is the first ever antimicrobial agent. Antimicrobial agents that are used treating diseases include synthetic chemicals as well as chemical substances or metabolic products produced by microorganisms and chemical substances obtained from plants. Few pathogens becomes resistant to antimicrobial agents.

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\r\n Vaccines, which are biological preparations that develop immunity to a specific disease, are a vital part of disease prevention. Immunization can prevent the suffering and death caused by infectious diseases like polio, measles, and pneumonia. Immunizations prepare the immune system to ward off a disease. To immunize against viral diseases, the virus used in the vaccine should been weakened or killed. To only immunize against bacterial diseases, it is commonly possible to use a small portion of the dead bacteria to stimulate the production of antibodies against the whole bacteria.

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\r\n Molecular biology is most advance form of research field to detect the infection by going through the molecular composition of virus. Molecular therapy includes different types of methods such as DNA cloning, proliferation of DNA, bacterial transformation , transfection, chromosome integration, cellular screening, cellular culture, extraction of DNA, DNA polymerase DNA dependent, reading and writing DNA, DNA sequencing, DNA synthesis, hybridization. Clinical microbiology is the branch of microbiology that deals with the study of the molecular basis and any microbes that cause infections. Generally, virology and bacteriology are considered as the subtypes of microbiology of medicine.

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\r\n New vaccine is being prepared by scientists for the Lyme diseases. The researchers are currently working on the theory to cure severe diseases caused by Rota virus which is a harmful pathogen using Gut Microbiota. Microscopic studies of respiratory tract specimens have been increased to treat patients affected by Pneumonia. The researchers are currently working on the development of effective antibiotics.

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